Free Essays on Terrorism: A Message to the Terrorists :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

A Message to the Terrorists   You monster. You beast. You unspeakable bastard. What lesson did you hope to teach us by your cowards attack on our World change Center, our Pentagon, us? What was it you hoped we would learn? Whatever it was, please know that you failed.   Did you want us to respect your cause? You just damned your cause. Did you want to make us venerate? You just steeled our resolve. Did you want to tear us apart? You just brought us together.   Let me tell you about my citizenry. We are a vast and quarrelsome family, a family rent by racial, social, political and class division, but a family nonetheless. Were frivolous, yes, capable of expending tremendous emotional energy on pop cultural minutiae -- a singers revealing dress, a ball teams misfortune, a cartoon mouse. Were wealthy, too, spoiled by the ready availability of trinkets and material goods, and maybe because of that, we walk through life with a certain sense of blithe entitlement. We are fundamentally decent, though -- peace-loving and compassionate. We struggle to know the right thing and to do it. And we are, the overwhelming majority of us, people of faith, believers in a just and loving God.   Some people -- you, perhaps -- think that any or all of this makes us weak.  Youre mistaken. We are not weak. Indeed, we are strong in ways that cannot be measured by arsenals.   Yes, were in pain now. We are in mourning and we are in shock. Were still grappling hook with the unreality of the awful thing you did, still working to make ourselves understand that this isnt a special effect from some Hollywood blockbuster, isnt the plot development from a Tom Clancy novel. Both in terms of the awful scope of their ambition and the probable final death toll, your attacks are likely to go down as the worst acts of terrorism in the history of the United States and, probably, the history of the world. Youve bloodied us as we have never been bloodied before.   But theres a gulf of difference among making us bloody and making us fall. This is the lesson Japan was taught to its bitter sorrow the last time anyone hit us this hard, the last time anyone brought us such abrupt and monumental pain.

Durkheimian Theories Applied to Buffalo Creek Essay -- essays research

This essay will describe Emile Durkheims concepts of hearty integration and companionable/moral regulation and will explain how Durkheim connects them to self-annihilation. It will then go for those concepts to analyze the social effects of the buffalo Creek flood, as described in the book Every matter In Its Path?, by Kai T. Erikson, showing other consequences in addition higher suicide rates.Durkheims concept of social integration refers to social groups with well-defined values, traditions, norms, and goals. These groups will differ in the degree to which individuals are part of the collective body, also to the extent to which the group is emphasized over the individual, and lastly the level to which the group is unified versus fragmented. Durkheim believed that two types of suicide, Egoistic and Altruistic, could stem from social integration. Egoistic suicide resulted from too little social integration. Those multitude who were not sufficiently bound to a social group wo uld be left with little or no social support in generation of crisis. This caused them to commit suicide more often. An example Durkheim discovered was that of unmarried people, especially males, who, with less to connect them to stable social groups, committed suicide at higher rates than married people. Altruistic suicide is a result of too much integration. It occurs at the opposite sack of the social integration scale as egoistic suicide. Self sacrifice appears to be the driving force, where people are so involved with a social group that they lose sight of themselves and become more willing to take one for the team, even if this causes them to die. The most common cases of altruistic suicide occur to soldiers during times of war. Religious cults have also been a major source of altruistic suicide.In Durkheims concept of social/moral regulation, society imposes limits on mankind to regulate their passions, desires, expectations, ambitions and roles. When these limits or socia l regulations break d possess, the controlling authority the society once had no longer functions and people are left on their own to make their own plans. In societies that have low levels of social regulations, a state of Anomie, or normlessness, can occur and affect the whole society or just some of its groups. Anomic suicide was more prevalent in this type of society. Anomic suicide basically involve... ...e old communities threw all kinds of different people together. At the risk of sounding superior, I feel we are living amidst people with lower moral values than us.? (208) In conclusion, the flood at Buffalo Creek destroyed the inhabitants very social fabric. This in itself is not unique, but what was unique about Buffalo Creek is that there was no post disaster euphoria, where people who have survived the disaster are uplifted by the fact that the community is still present and viable. That was not the case in Buffalo Creek, mostly in part due to HUDs internal policies but also due to the very devastation caused by the flood. The other thing that was unique about Buffalo Creek was that ninety-three percent of the survivors had diagnosable emotional disorders eighteen months after the disaster. Usually survivors of disasters are able to get over it and move on, but the survivors of the Buffalo Creek disaster were not able to do this because of their total loss of Gemeinschaft? or sense of community.SourcesErikson, Kai T. Everything In Its Path? mensuration 1976I1, http//durkheim.itgo.com/suicide.html, Dunman, L. Joe The Emile Durkheim Archive?, 1999

Deepest Wreck :: essays research papers

A deep-sea salvage company claims to have discovered the deepest ancient shipwreck ever found- a 2,300-year-old Greek trading vessel found nearly two miles under the surface of the Mediterranean. The discovery of the shipwreck between the classical trading centers of Rhodes and Alexandria adds to the accrual of evidence that is challenging the long-held theory that ancient sailors lacked the navigational knowledge and skill to sail large distances across open water. It is believed that they were restricted to following the coastline during thier trips. Four otherwise possibly ancient wrecks were discovered nearby. In the spring of 1999, the deep-ocean exploration firm Nauticos Corporation conducted a survey in the eastern Mediterranean in an take in charge to locate an Israeli submarine that had mysteriously disappeared in the area 31 years before. Their sonar system detected quint closely spaced clusters at a depth of almost 10,000 feet on what is known as the Herodotus Abyss al Plain. Visual inspection of these clusters with a remotely operated vehicle revealed five shipwrecks of possible archeologic significance. There was only enough time to permit the collection of a detailed video and sonar imagery of only one site. This information was s sack to the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) at Texas A&M University to determine the ships origin and importance. The shape of several amphoras or containers from the site date back to the end of the third century B.C. or the beginning of the second century B.C. making this the deepest ancient shipwreck yet discovered. Despite its depth, the site is typical for an ancient shipwreck. The vessel came to rest on the bottom and eventually flipped over onto its side. As its wooden hull lost structural integrity, the ships side flattened surface under the weight of the containers that had tumbled over it. The opposite side of the hull was held upright, unburied by the containers or sediment, succumbed to erosio n and decay, and were mostly rotted away. This wrecks amphora freightage forms a mound approximately 80 feet long and 50 feet wide and tapers in height and width from the center of the ship to the bow and stern, or previous and back. At least six or more types of wine amphoras have been identified, including containers from the islands of Rhodes and Kos, there may be as many as 2,500 containers present at the site. The ships bow area or the front area of the ship, can be identified by the presence of at least five lead anchors.

parkinsons disease Essay -- essays research papers

Parkinsons Disease and the protective mechanism of the antioxidant Vitamin EDescription and RisksParkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive political campaign disorder marked by tremors, rigidity, slow movements (bradykinesia), and postural instability. It is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by decreased production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is responsible for closely of the bodys smooth muscle movements. As a result, motor watch in Parkinsons patients is disrupted, causing anything from uncontrollable tremors to muscular stiffness to slow-as-molasses movements. (2) PD affects about 500,000 people in the United States, both men and women, with as many as 50,000 new cases each year. The disease usually begins in a persons late 50s and 60s it causes a progressive decline in movement control, affecting the ability to control initiation, speed, and the smoothness of motion. The symptoms of PD are seen in up to 15% of those between the ages of 65-74 , and almost 30% of those were between the ages of 75-84. (3)Genetic RisksScientist identified two gene abnormalities turn over in PD patients whose families have a rate of the disease, indicating at least some evidence that the disease is inherited. Both abnormalities cause the body to produce an alter version of alpha synuclein, the protein that shows up in dense masses in the brains of Parkinsons patients. (3). But in another study in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggested heredity is a significant influence on how fast the disease will onset. Researchers identified 172 twin pairs in which at least one twin had PD. If the condition was hereditary, the rate of both twins having the disease would be lower among fraternal twins, who share some, but not all of the comparable genes unlike identical twins who share them all. In individuals who were diagnosed after age 50, the rate of twins who both had the disease was similar among fraternal and identical twins. I n those diagnosed at 50 or younger, however, the rate was significantly lower in fraternal twins than in identical twins (2). Researchers also think that PD has environmental risks such as increase exposure to toxic chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, or heavy metals. For example, some studies of people liv... ...one, L., Bagala, A., Napoli, I.D., Caracciolo, M. & Quattnone, A. (2001) germ plasm levels of Vitamin E in Parkinsons disease. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 337-12. 6. Miklya, I., Knoll, B. & Knoll, J. (2003) A pharmacological analysis elucidating why, in contrast to (-)- deprenyl (selegiline), alpha-tocopherol was ineffective in the DATATOP Study. Life Sciences 722641-264810.Parashevas, G.P., Kapaki, E., Petropoulou, O., Anagnostouli, M., Vagenas, V. & Papageorgiou, L. (2003) Plasma levels of Antioxidant Vitamins C and E are decreased in vascular Parkinsonism. Journal or Neurological Sciences. 21551-55. 11.Roghani, M. & Behzadi, G., (2001) Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E on the early model of Parkinsons disease in rat behavioral and histochemical evidence. Brain Research 892211-217. 12.Vatassery, G.T., Demaster, E.G., Lai, James C.K., Smith, W.E. & Quach, H.T. (2003) Iron uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in brain mitochondria isolated from vitamin E-deficient rats. Biochemical et Biophysical Acta 1688265-273..

Time in Gatlinburg :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Time in GatlinburgGatlinburg, Tennessee is a prime tourist destination that is filled with action packed adventures. Day or night at that place is never a dull and moment. You plenty visit the quaint little shops in the light of day or patrol the dark and somewhat mad street of the night. However, you plan to spend your time in Gatlinburg, you are guaranteed to have an awesome time. When you get to Gatlinburg, Tennessee, you will need a place to stay for the date of your visit. The Howard Johnson Inn will accommodate your needs says Hojogatlinburg.com. The weekend price is seventy dollars for a room with two double beds and a spectacular view. This is a neat place to stay. For dog lovers, consider leaving Rover at home because the Howard Johnson Inn doesnt allow pet. The Howard Johnson Inn is located in downtown Gatlinburg on 200 East Parkway, and right around the corner from all the wonderful attractions Gatlinburg, Tennessee, has to offer.After unloading your luggage consider going down to the Peddler. The Peddler tycoon be able to satisfy your wants and desires. The Peddler carries everything for fresh fish, to mouthwatering chicken and even marinated steaks. The Peddler is a classy restaurant so dress accordingly. Expect the appeal for the meal to be a bit on the pricey side. The Peddler is located on the corner where River Road intersects with Ski Mountain Road.If unwilling to release your wallet on one nights feast, take a stroll over to Pancake larder where excellent breakfast is served for a moderate price. The Pancake Pantry is located on the corner where Cherokee Orchard road meets Parkway. According to Gatlinburg.com, the Pancake Pantry has twenty-four different types of pancakes, an array of waffles, and they serve soup and sandwiches for dejeuner. The Pancakes Pantry serves lunch after eleven thirty and breakfast all day for those of you who eat bacon and eggs for supper.After you have had your fill at the Pancake Pantry, consider headsp ring over to Camp Thunder Fun Center. Camp Thunder Fun Center is located right across the street from Ripleys Aquarium of the Smokies, where you can ride go-karts at speeds up to twenty-five miles per hour on an outdoor track. Ride till your hearts content, says Camp Thunder Fun Center, but not in the rain as that is a recipe for certain disaster. There is no doubt that you will find all sorts of fun and thrilling adventures at Camp Thunder Fun Center.

Time in Gatlinburg :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Time in GatlinburgGatlinburg, Tennessee is a prime tourist destination that is meeted with action jam-packed adventures. Day or night there is never a dull and moment. You can visit the quaint little shops in the light of day or patrol the dark and somewhat wild street of the night. However, you plan to spend your time in Gatlinburg, you are guaranteed to have an awesome time. When you get to Gatlinburg, Tennessee, you will invite a place to stay for the duration of your visit. The Howard Johnson indian lodge will accommodate your needs says Hojogatlinburg.com. The weekend price is seventy dollars for a room with two parallel beds and a spectacular view. This is a great place to stay. For dog lovers, need leaving Rover at home because the Howard Johnson Inn doesnt allow pet. The Howard Johnson Inn is located in downtown Gatlinburg on 200 East Parkway, and right around the corner from all the wonderful attractions Gatlinburg, Tennessee, has to offer.After unloading your luggage c onsider going down to the Peddler. The Peddler might be able to satisfy your wants and desires. The Peddler carries everything for fresh fish, to mouthwatering chicken and even marinated steaks. The Peddler is a classy restaurant so dress accordingly. Expect the cost for the meal to be a bit on the pricey side. The Peddler is located on the corner where River pathway intersects with Ski Mountain Road.If unwilling to empty your wallet on one nights feast, take a stroll over to Pancake Pantry where excellent eat is served for a moderate price. The Pancake Pantry is located on the corner where Cherokee Orchard road meets Parkway. According to Gatlinburg.com, the Pancake Pantry has twenty-four different types of pancakes, an roam of waffles, and they serve soup and sandwiches for lunch. The Pancakes Pantry serves lunch after eleven thirty and breakfast all day for those of you who eat bacon and eggs for supper.After you have had your fill at the Pancake Pantry, consider heading over to campsite Thunder Fun Center. Camp Thunder Fun Center is located right across the street from Ripleys Aquarium of the Smokies, where you can ride go-karts at speeds up to twenty-five miles per hour on an outdoor track. Ride till your hearts content, says Camp Thunder Fun Center, but not in the rain as that is a recipe for certain disaster. There is no doubt that you will reveal all sorts of fun and thrilling adventures at Camp Thunder Fun Center.

Lipton Marketing Plan Essay

UnileverThe Unilever Group is one of the worlds leading suppliers of fast-moving consumer goods. Besides having a grievous global presence, Their Lipton brand is a leader in the international market. This report contains and explains the major variable components, which argon essential in the dish of merchandise. It depart halt an in depth analysis of the afternoon teatimetimetime market. It bequeath overly afford a comprehensible picture of the internal and the external factors involved that encircle the tea Product.Lipton Herbal Tea IngredientsHoly Thistle has been apply medicinally for over 2000 socio-economic classs, most commonly for the treatment of liver problems by abeting it in the release of toxins. It has been extremely regarded for therapeutic physical exertions and was cultivated with bulge Europe. Holy thistle harvestings are still popular in Europe and the United States for various types of liver disease. Holy thistle is believed to capture gravid power in the purification and circulation of the blood. Persimmon leaves are a good source of important dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin A& C. It has been widely used as a tea in oriental countries. Persimmon leaf is anti-allergic in composition. It is also used topically in some beauty products to sustain to clarify the skin and eliminate dull and dark areas. Malva Leaf was considered as a perfect computer programt in early literatures. In antediluvian patriarch days it was not only valued as a medicine, merely was used to deco set the graves of friends. Marshmallow Leaf has been traditionally used to soothe and support the intestines. Herbs such as Marshmallow are often helpful for symptomatic relief of coughs and irritated throats. Topically, marshmallow is used to soothe and soften irritated skin. Marshmallow leaf is completely non-toxic. merchandise Planning vs. Strategic PlanningDeveloping a selling dodging involves two steps(1) Selecting a tar set ab away market and(2) Developing the best marketing mix (the 4 Ps or 7 Ps) to satisfy this target. Ultimately, the tactics becomes much more(prenominal) specific and ordain more on the providedton details about such matters as, say where should we advertise? When should we run the ads? How lead we get distribution in certain types ofstores? Etc. In effect, the tactics happen upon how to achieve the strategies and how to manage resources that are haved to implement the tactics. Companies need to analyze and track what their competitors are doing. It is important to know the strengths, weaknesses, objectives, and strategies of the competition. The marketing plan is an important memorial used by companies for planning. It is a road map and surveys the vexation environment, describes problems, threats and opportunities in the effort, contains a marketing strategy, and has monetary projections/budgets. We must not confuse a marketing plan with a business plan.A marketing plan is concerned more with strategy whereas a business plan is more concerned with financial information. The primary purpose of a business plan is to raise money from venture capitalists or bankers the primary purpose of a marketing plan is to provide direction for a company. The marketing plan is an integral split of the business plan. Marketing management eternally have to assess which guests they are trying to puree and how they can design products and receiptss that provide better value (competitive advantage).The main problem with this exploit is that the environment in which businesses operate is constantly changing. So a business must adapt to reflect mixtures in the environment and make decisions about how to change the marketing mix in collection to succeed. This process of adapting and decision-making is known as marketing planning.On the other hand,strategic planningis concerned about the overall direction of the business. It is concerned with marketing, of course. But it also in volves decision-making about production and operations, finance, human resource management and other business issues. The objective of a strategic plan is to set the direction of a business and create its shape so that the products and services it provides meet the overall business objectives. Marketing has a key role to play in strategic planning, because it is the commerce of marketing management to understand and manage the links between the business and the environment.It can help toIdentify sources of competitive advantageGain dedication to a strategyInform stakeholders in the businessSet objectives and strategiesMeasure performanceMarketing planning is also important since it is often a requirement for obtaining funding whether one is a marketer in a large corporation seeking additional money for his or her department or is part of a small starting-up company looking for initial funding.client-Driven Marketing StrategyThere are three processes toward an effective customer driven marketing strategy such as Segmentation gradeing Positioning Segmentation identifies the difference category like as age, location, & religion.- Targeting means product for specific people.- Position means minds of the customer.Liptons Neighbouring SegmentsGeographicThe market of Lipton is segmented according to geographic criteria such as nations, states, regions, countries, cities, and neighbourhoods. Demographic Demographic segmentation consists of dividing the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. Demographic segmentation variables are amongst the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups. This is partly because customer wants are closely linked to variables such as income and age. Psychographic finished psychographic segmentation Liptons consumer are divided according to their lifestyle, personality, values and social class.Liptons Target MarketChoosing a targeting strategy depends on company resources, product variability, products life cycle stage, market variability, and competitors marketing strategies. Lipton has equal bene proceed for everybody. We will have to localize on the all group of ages. frankincense we will use Undifferentiated Marketing (or mass-marketing) where everything about the product is intentional to bring all people to Lipton. This is a market coveragestrategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go afterwards the one market with one offer. The reason of choosing full market coverage is to be a market leader in future.Geographic TargetLiptons geographic customers are of USA, Europe and India but in near future after effecting the product in these areas they will definitely launch their product in the rest of the continents.Demographic Target All age groups Lower, Middle, and High income class Psychographic Target Higher-Middle class Middle class Lower-Middle classCurrent Market Trend Mar ket trend is now headed toward a more sophisticated and aware customer. The taste perception for high- feature product is increasing as customers are learning to appreciate the qualitative differences.Liptons PositioningLipton tea has been positioned in the market as great degustation and good for consumers because it is rich in protective antioxidants (Unilever 2007).It is globally promoted as the perfect drink for active, wellnessy lifestyle (Unilever 2007). The following flavours of herbal tea are currently availableHerbal tea with Lemon Herbal tea with a twist of citrus flavourHerbal tea with Raspberry Herbal tea with raspberry flavourHerbal tea with peach Herbal tea with peach flavor Consumer welfare and sustainable give risement have been the main capricious factors behind the packaging and marketing of Lipton Herbal Tea till now.Therefore, in order to meet the diverse tastes of consumers all over the world, Lipton is continually adding new flavours in the product. Thes e attributes are allowing the organisation to develop and expand its niche at a fast pace in the global arena. Furthermore, Unilever has a strong presence in the developing and emerging markets yet there is plenty of white space to move into. These markets are the next in our planned rollout. SWOT Analysis (Business Portfolio Analysis)When the speckle is viewed in terms of SWOT analysis, the following can be highlightedSTRENGTHSStrong Financial Backup Lipton Unilever has been realised as a group by basketball team investors who are also its board of directors providing Lipton Unilever with strong financial assistance.Emphasis on Quality The Company manages to provide im take the standd & innovative products to the consumers through research and development. Lipton Unilever is established with the primary concern for uncompromised quality in mind and all of their products are perceived by the consumers as the best in business with respect to quality. They offer their high quality standards by importing schoolmaster expertise and technology from unquestionable nations.Encouragement to innovativeness The Company has a very aggressive strategy when dealing with developing new products, i.e. they are ready to take risks and come out with products that have unique differential advantages and are unavailable in the market.In-house research preparation Lipton Unilever has an in-house research facility, where market research can be done about consumer preferences and our competitors the information is very useful to top level managers for decision making.WEAKNESSESHigh wrong Since the cost of production of most of their products is high because of various factors (imported ingredients, technology, quality and maintenance etc), they charge high prices for the items they produce.Inexperience in the Tea market Although Unilever comprises of extremely professional people and a strong marketing strategy they are still considered new entrants in the tea market.OPPO RTUNITIESHigh Growth Rate Tea industry has high growth potential in line with high rates of population.Brand Equity There is strong possibility to establish brand equity by creating sensory faculty in untapped segments of the market.Increasing concern for health Since the media explosion from the mid-90s, people have convenient access to information. Hence, people are cosmos educated about the concern and need for health awareness and therefore have adopted increasing concern for their health and appearance.THREATSRivalry firm The tea industry allays a lot of competition from market leaders like Royal. Their longer existence in the market has given them an established consumer base and fealty and has provided them with the experience that Lipton Unilever lacks.Economic Factors Increase in government tariffs, import duties and political situation of the country i.e. economic instability could be a threat to Liptons product.An Integrated Marketing ProgramThe Marketplace and Custo mer Needs and WantsGlobal Tea MarketThe tea industry is about 170 years old. It occupies an important place and plays a very useful part in the global economy. Tea plantations are mainly located in rural hills and backward areas. The major competitive countries in tea in the world are India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, China and Indonesia. China is the major producer of herbal tea while Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing mainly orthodox varieties of tea. Kenya is basically a CTC (Crush, Tear, and Curl) tea producing country. India is facing competition from Sri Lanka and Indonesia with regard to export of orthodox teas and from China with regard to herbal tea export. Above quarter graph clearly indicates that till 1991 Tea consumption grew at the phenomenon rate of 32.2% where as in recent past few years the average rate of consumption growth is 0.7%. Tea being the only beverage which is consumed at the largest following Water hence there is no trouble to global tea market future with gr owing population.Customer Needs and WantsThe health related issues are increasing day by day due to the lifestyle and determination of the generation towards fast food or junk food which is generally responsible for health hazards. Unilevers research shows that majority of the people have developed health consciousness. This is mainly due to the various health programs being broadcasted on television as well as a variety of articles being published in magazines and digests. Lately trends show that people have started reverting back to the natural means of maintaining health. Natural means ensure high nutrition as well as health enhancement. Moreover nowadays more and more people are getting literate and educated. The education in turn brings awareness in the people and they understand whatdos and donts. There is class of people who are very health cautious and most of them driblet under high class societies.Since it is difficult to change the lifestyle of people all of sudden peo ple look for better product which can detect them healthy and offer resistance or meditate their health for long life and better health. We must keep in mind that tea is calefacient beverage consumed by people all over the world at highest after water. So it is a great idea if tea can prove as tea as well as medicine and offer better health & immunization as it is consumed twice to thrice a day. If tea can provide health benefits it will be surely welcomed by the class of health conscious people. Furthermore, A few recent studies suggest that the health benefits would drive the performance of Lipton herbal tea across the globe (Winslow 2006). Consumers generally perceive tea consumption to be a healthy activity and are more likely to consume herbal tea rather than other soda based drinks. Therefore, the 100 percent Natural Tea and 150 mg of protective natural antioxidants has made Lipton tea a major participant in the global tea market.Integrated Marketing Plan for LiptonOur Marke ting object glassTo offer consumer best health advantage through Lipton Tea.To establish Lipton as market leader in herbal tea industry.To enable Lipton Tea to satisfy, action the consumers personality & lifestyle.To addition Lipton Teas popularity as an icon in Herbal Tea product. In order to achieve our objectives we will use following strategies while developing our marketing mix.Value Based PricingWe will set our product price, based on the benefits it provides to consumers. Because our offer is unique and highly valuable features are better positioned to take advantage of value-based determine.Multi-Channel (Hybrid) Distribution SystemsWe can utilize more than one distribution design by following a multi-channel or hybrid distribution system. As Example, we may use a direct retail system by selling Lipton Tea in company-owned stores, and through a directmarketing system by selling via direct load, and through a single- party selling system by selling through mart stores. This approach will allow us to reach a wider market however, we must be careful with this approach otherwise channel conflicts will arise. publicity Mix (Integrated Marketing Communications)In order to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about Lipton and its product we will use Advertising as it will allow us to reach some buyers and repeat message many times Sales Promotion since it provides wide variety of tools and rewards quick response state-supported Relations because it is very believable and will dramatize Lipton and its product.Marketing Mix of Lipton TeaProductLipton Tea will be a high quality product offered as specially blended herbs tea. Contents of the Lipton Tea will be40 bags, 80 bags, 150 bags, 250 bags (Family pack)The amount of bags refers to different target groups.40 bags for singles, 80 bags for couples,150 bags and 250 bags are Family Packs. (250 bags is most famous nowadays)Packaging Customer perception of a package creates brand equity and purchaser loyalty. The image presented by the package mostly determines success or failure of a tea line. Appearance stimulates memories and emotions inside the purchaser, who often times is female, often buying for an entire family. Thus colour, image and guide word of Lipton must all combine to facilitate customer allegiance. Before coming to this idea we had to systematically search for new product ideas through analysing our internal sources, customers, competitors, distributors, and suppliers. afterwards we marked the best idea and dropped poor ones by examining the market size, product price, development time and costs, manufacturing costs, and rate of return.PlaceHigh quality tea for a reasonable price will be bought from Assam & Darjeeling (India) and will then be blended and packed in the Lipton factory. Then we may open up company-owned stores to start a direct retail system to sell Lipton Tea. We can blush sell Lipton tea directly to the endconsumers by sending direc t dispatch from factory. At the same time the final product will be distributed to authorized dealers and retailers such as supermarkets and main tea shops so the end consumer has tardily access to it. Place in supermarket On the middle and lower levels of self. The Lipton Tea will be placed according to the content of tea bags.PricePrices for the tea will be as the following Price of $18 for regular sized pack-Price may be increased to reflect qualityReasons for pricing policyLipton Tea will be competing against the main player on the Herbal Tea Market Royal Tea by setting a higher price but offering more value for it. Various promotion activities, giveaways and advertising on radio and television will help to establish the brand and gain market component parts.PromotionThe promotion is the most important point to launch our products because we want to be able to compete with our biggest competitor. We must focus on this point because the people like to purchase bargains or buy p roducts that offer free gifts. Other brands do not offer as many promotion and free gifts. This is why it is important to focus especially on the Promotion activities of the marketing mix. We are going to set up original events in order to attract new customers and consumers of other tea brands.Our objectives-Develop awareness-Generate traffic-Build loyal customer baseIn order to achieve above mentioned we will pursue the following Stand in the supermarkets we want to set up a stand in the supermarket in order to make tasting to the supermarkets clients.The stand should be placed between the fresh food and the food with the aimto attract all the consumers. The stand should represent the brand with the colour of the company, the logo, the environment of Lipton. For example, the stand could be coloured with a combination of red and yellow. Moreover, the hostesses can give some presents to the children like, balloons with the logo of the brand and pens with the logo. Also, during the launch of our product (one week), all the customers at the supermarket will receive a sample of Lipton Tea for free at the cashiers including a voucher which explains the game to win a trip to London. Promotional offers during the year If a client buys a box of 150 bags, he will get a free coupon a spoon or a little kettle.In addition, during first two months, we can attire a game when you buy Lipton, you win some points and with certain numerous of points, you can get a present which represents the brand image. Promotional event for Lipton Tea launching During one weekend in a big city we will organize a big event. In the street, there will be hostesses with special clothes who will distribute samples and cups with tea to offer the product to passer-by. After the show, they will hand out flyers the people can fill in so as to win the weekend trip to London. At the end of the event, there will be a drawing of lots. The winner will receive the present(tea boxes) via post way. Furthe rmore, in the street there will be a lot of ribbon of the brand image. Advertisement At the get offning, the strategy is to focus on the Internet, the radio and on daily newspaper to reach a lot of customers. These media are notice by a large target group which will help the firm to be known. After six months or one year, we will begin a campaign on television, in magazines and on airports.Building Profitable relationship and Creating Customer DelightCustomer Relationship ManagementCustomer family relationship management (CRM) refers to building one-to-one relationships with customers that can drive value for the firm. The continuing evolution of CM is made possible by understanding the interactive relationships that develop between firms and customers and among customers themselves. Lipton will increasingly be able to customize marketing messagesto larger target audiences on the basis of the customers expected response and the customers value to the firm. By following the CRM s trategies discussed here, firms can reduce overall marketing costs, increase overall customer response rates, and, most importantly, increase overall customer and firm profitability.For exampleLiptons marketing plan has data on markets, prospects, and lists. This is also supported through a third party vendor. But marketing needs to drive generated leads to Sales for follow up. Thus, the marketing department also could use feedback from service and sales about what campaigns are operative. Customer Service has excellent customer feedback, but its not looping back into marketing department. This is the type of data that can act as the creation for upcoming marketing campaigns. Customer Service can also provide sales representative important product information or specific compute issues that would be invaluable for sales to have before they call on an account.Finally, Customer Service can be used for cross sell and up sell opportunities. The key is to have all your customer inform ation integrated. This provides each department with a 360-degree view of the customer, and ensures that the data is current and complete. Liptons CRM applications will also enable companies to interact with customers throughout multiple channels including the Web, phone, fax, direct mail, e-mail, and in person or through partners.Partner Relationship ManagementPartner Relationship Management is a used to describe the methodology and strategies for improving communications and relationships between companies and their channel partners. These solutions accommodate key features for selling, commission, opportunity, marketing campaigns, inventory access, and other features designed to facilitate the relationship between manufacturers and their channel partners. Partner relationship management can take a number of different forms. In some cases, saving of a product is needed during specific times of the day. For example, in Liptons shipping and receiving departments, suppliers must de liver within a certain time frame. In the busiest of locations, that window could be as little as 30 minutes.When traveling across a large geographic region, that can be a sticky target to hit. Using software and other communication tools often provided through a partner relationship management strategy, suppliers, shippers and the end users can keep unfaithful contact with each other.This means the end user will be able to know where each item is each step in the process and when to expect it. Depending on the situation, this may allow Liptons factory to adjust production so that the entire operation does not shut due to return concerns. Partner relationship management is also important for a manufacturer and reseller or retailer. Software allows the producer to understand when a certain product is in shoot and allows that producer to adjust his processes likewise. Without this benefit, Lipton would need to wait for an order from the retailer or reseller. That could delay the p rocess and thus allow both sides to miss out on valuable sales. In addition to communication, partner relationship management can also provide services in other areas. For example, it may include a partner loyalty component, which will provide a benefit to both companies. As those relationships are solidified, it will provide a good customer base on which both can depend.Capturing Value from Customers to Create Profit and Customer EquityThe first four steps in the marketing process involve building customer relationships. The final step involves capturing value in return.1) By creating superior customer value, the Lipton herbal tea creates highly satisfied customers who rub loyal and buy more.2) By Creating Customer Loyalty and Retention3) The aim of customer relationship management is to create not just customer satisfaction, but customer delight.4) This means that companies must aim high in building customer relationships.5) Customer delight creates an emotional relationship with a product or service, not just a rational preference.6) Lipton herbal tea is realizing that losing a customer means losing more than a single sale. It means losing customer living value.7) Growing Share of Customer8) Share of customer is defined as the share the company gets of customers purchasing in their product categories. (Thus, banks want to increase shareof wallet.)Building Customer EquityUnilever want not only to create lucrative customers, but to own them for life, capture their customer lifetime value, and earn a greater share of their purchases. Customer Equity in Lipton Tea Marketing consists of actions taken to build and maintain desirable exchange relationships with target audience involving a product, service, idea, or other objects. Customer equity is the total combined customer lifetime values of all of the companys current and potential customers. Clearly, the more loyal the firms profitable customers, the higher the firms customer equity. Customer equity may be a better appreciate of a firms performance than current sales or market share.Building the Right Relationships with the Right CustomersNot all customers, not even all loyal customers, are good investments. Strangers show low potential profitability and little projected loyalty. The relationship management strategy for these customers is simple have ont invest anything in them.Butterflies are potentially profitable but not loyal. The company should use promotional blitzes to attract them, create satisfying and profitable transactions with them, and then cease investing in them until the next time around. True friends are both profitable and loyal. There is a strong fit between their needs and the companys offerings. The firm wants to make continuous relationship investments to delight these customers and retain and grow them. Barnacles are highly loyal but not very profitable. There is a limited fit between their needs and the companys offerings. Important point Different types of customer require different relationship management strategies. The goal is to build the right relationships with the right customers.Factors Affecting the Effective Implementation of the Marketing PlanHuman Resources CapabilitiesThe people working in this organization are thekey to achieving effective implementation of those strategic plans. Staffing competent employees involves recruiting, training and retaining a capable and adaptable men. Knowledgeable, dependable and versatile employees have the ability to overcome the obstacles to change, and can meet performance goals even when other resources are scarce. If all of the other elements listed in this article are present, but the workforce does not meet these criteria, then achieving those objectives may be nearly impossible.Favourable EnvironmentWe have to Rethink existing policies and procedures, and make any changes necessary to facilitate the changes resulting from our strategic initiatives. We may find that certain aspects of our existing operational framework can actually impede strategy implementation, and that certain areas may stand out as being lacking in policy guidance in light of our new strategic goals.Technological InfrastructureTechnology can give our organization valuable assistance in implementing new policies, procedures and initiatives. Utilize technology to enhance and maintain communication and accountability for all relevant managers and operational employees throughout the change process, and to keep track of implementation and performance goals and their achievement. This may require adding new systems and infrastructure, ensuring that all systems will function reliably, and training all relevant round to use new systems and programs.Incentive SystemsWe must consider altering existing incentive systems to coincide with our new strategic objectives. As an example, if we can alter existing incentive system rewards employees on the basis of tenure, but our new strategic plan calls f or a 50 percent increase in service plan sales to reposition our company as a service provider, then consider altering the system to reward employees or teams with high monthly service plan sales numbers .According to Crafting and Executing Strategy by Thompson, Strickland, and Gamble, our employees incentive-based goals will always coincide with our organizational objectives.Strong Leadership and CultureOrganizational tillage and strong leadership are inseparable. We must encourage and train our management team to be agents of change, with the ability to champion new ideas and coach employees through the change process. Also, use our influence as a leader to reset the tone of our organization to reflect the importance and seriousness of our new strategic plans, and lead by example in terms of flexibility and dedication to change.Capital ResourcesAll of the internal elements listed in this article require capital to employ. For example, highly skilled workers demand higher wages, t echnological infrastructure can be costly, and reward systems require capital if material goods are offered. Thus proper budget have to be introduced.

Helmet to Helmet Rule Change the Game

The recent story in the NFL is helmet to helmet hits on defenseless role player. The compact committees ar assay to make the league safer for the player to reduce injuries. The NFL Commissioner is not doing a good job protecting the players because calamity and major head damage keep happening. The Commissioners inclination is to penalize by a 15 yards penalty on the field against their team, solely also charged significant fines toward the player who commit the penalty. (Benavent) By fining the players the league is changing the speed of the game, the hard hitting and the fun of game.NFL Commissioner Robert Goodell stated Strategy, strength and speed are what make the game great. We dont want to deal physical contact out of the game. But we must ensure that players follow rules designed to reduce the risk of injury. Enforcing rules on illegal hits to the head with fines and suspensions has changed tackling for the better. Players and coaches have adjusted. They forever do. W e now see fewer dangerous hits to the head and noticeable changes in the way the game is being played. Thats true the league is safe but fining player is not going to fix the problem.The fact is that when you are tackling you are using your head which is a fundamental foot lummox. A tackle is when a player using a great amount of force to bring a ball carrier down. Further, its when a defender at lower leverage and strikes a ball carrier with his head across the ball carrier body with his arms wraped around him bring him down. Lets say that the ball carrier does the same thing sullen his head trying to avoid the hit and now the defender is call for helmet to helmet hit. In the act helmets would hit together. Its not needful and certainly not intentional.I venture that the NFL commissioner wants to encourage players to hit low toward the knees where the ball carrier has no protection. The result will in red ACLs and other ligaments that end players season and possibly careers. Du ring this season at that place would be a lot of flags thrown during the game causing the game to be longer. But thats not the main idea it is how to determine which violent hit is considered a penalty and a fine. Some of the violent hits are not called and some hits are called. The league needs to figure out which are and which are not.Most of the time these hard helmet hits happen when a recipient role goes across the pump and a defender is attempting to stop the receiver from catching the ball. To clarify Forcibly hitting the defenseless players head or neck stadium with the helmet, facemask, forearm, or shoulder, regardless of whether the defensive player also use his arms to tackle the defenseless player by encircling or grasping him and lowering the head and making forcible contact with the top, crown or forehead hairline parts of the helmet against any part of the defenseless players body. Lapsncaps) There are a lot of conversely between NFL Commissioner Goodell and playe rs because the fact that they have to change their playing style and adjust to the new league safety rules. I think that its hard to adjust because football is a violent sport and tackles require force. I understand there trying to protect players, but there inconsistent and making it into a sissy league. Tackling is part of football. When a defender tackles a ball carrier helmet to helmet hit well happen.Its not unavoidable and certainly no intentional. This sport is completive each team want a victory however in a situation when it really counts and a receiver attempts to catch the ball the defender would must likely hit the receiver to knocked to ball lose. But if the defender forcibly hit the defenseless players head or neck area, lowering his head to any part of the defenseless players body is a penalty and fined thousands. The NFL wants to stop the concussion and prevent players with long term health problems.

Meaning Of a Family Essay

Everyone has their own meaning of a family. However, all families shargon some common characteristics that ar outlined in a family definition analyze. As per the dictionary definition of a family, all its members live in a common house and argon linked together with each other economically. All family members are also emotionally linked and have a strong bond. A family consists of adults of both the sexes who are married to each other and have children. A family definition essay must highlight these aspects in an interesting manner and describe each fragment or constituent of a family.On Getting Family Essay IdeasThere are several aspects to a family, such as the intricacies of relations, values, and the love and affection amongst its members. Hence, family essay ideas are also numerous choices include education, jobs, house work, and the responsibilities and duties of each member. So, to get more interesting family essay ideas and top-quality content for the same, you can seek th e doing help of professional writers and writing companies. Custom writing agencies have subject experts who offer guidance in choosing and writing effective essays for all your requirements.Choosing Family Essay Topics some(prenominal) types of families exist in our society. So, there is ample choice when it comes to writing essays on issues associated with each type of family structure. Family essay topics can cover the family structure, organization, responsibilities and the bond shared among family members. piece of music about the family can be an intricate task, which calls for the need of expert help. Professional writers with expertise in different essay writing styles, formats and subjects can help modify the task of selecting family essay topics and make them more relevant.Writing Essay about FamilyWriting an essay about family can be a touching dumbfound albeit a daunting one, as the writer has to effectively express his/her feelings for the family members. The essay about family can focus on instances that depict the familys togetherness and the bond amongst its members. One can also write about the familys contribution during difficult times. For expert help on essay writing in change subjects, help is right at hand with professional writing services. Companies like BookwormLab.com have a team of specialists to write on a variety of subjects in the most authoritative manner. And you shouldnt break their heart. From one hand its great to be the only child in a family but in some cases its non.On the plus side parents always ready to help you but on the contrary when there is too much carry on it seems not to be good, because you cannot show your independence, do something yourself. Also you can feel lonely and bored. But your parents often do whatever their child want and if its necessary they help you and warn. They always spend their time doing something together with child to make him happy or teach something. And you have to appreciate their care and love. Because zip except them love you so much and know a visual sense about you. As for me, I am the only child in family. And sometimes I think about how will I live if I have a sister or brother. Sometimes it is so boring to be at home along.I think about my parents, that all my childhood they helped me and did everything for me. But it doesnt mean that Im the main person in my family. Family its also our grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, uncles. And the family tree has a long history of generations that sometimes are so ancient that we cannot remember the member of it, the name and occupation. And of coarse we know about our forefathers from our grandparents. As for me its really interesting to know who lived before me. And when I begin to ask my parents about forefathers I find for myself a lot of interesting things. For example some features of character which I have or part of appearance. But its a pity that I know not a lot of people in my family branch.

Case Study Mcdonalds

SHERIDAN College CASE STUDY ON McDonalds JASKARAN KULLAR 991313325 BUSINESS marketing JOHN COOPER 14, MARCH 2013 McDonalds A Current Marketing Situation STRENGTHS 1. McDonalds is the worlds largest restaurant organization. 2. Strong brand name and recognition. 3 McDonalds generate more than $40 billion in system wide sale. 4 It operates over 35000 restaurants in more than 100 countries on hexad continents. 5 It has an unparalleled global infrastructure and competencies in restaurant operations, real estate, retailing, marketing and franchising. McDonalds website says that it is a leader in the area of social province and is committed to protecting the environment for future generations. 7 Strong and wide communication channel in the market. (deng, 2009) 8 Play areas for children. 9 Large ass markets. 10 Recession resistant (Birchall, 2008) 11 In September 2003 successful backing up of raw products was launched with MTVs advertising campaign featuring the new commemorate line, I m Lovinit. (Jennifer, 2004) WEAKNESSES 1 McDonalds has not achieved its growth expectations in past several years. Narrow Product lines. (deng, 2009) 3 McDonalds brand connector as a junk food. (deng, 2009) 4 Few option for healthy take in 5 High employee turnover rates. (macy, 2012) 6 McDonalds also deem some full-grown effects on environment. (ltd. , 2006) 7 McDonalds also faces umteen types of legal actions on many issues. OPPORTUNITIES 1 Product packing for McDonalds without delay features QR codes for customers to get nutritional information. Mcnamara, 2013) 2 Opportunity to enlarge market, the consumers who care about health issue. (deng, 2009) 3 Slightly changing market brand image of McDonalds. (deng, 2009) 4 In 2009, McDonalds launched its hefty Angus burger in all U. S. A locations. 5 Introduction of trans-fat-free French fries in all restaurants in the U. S. A and Canada. 6 Introduction of McCafe. 7 Testing marketing fruits and vegetables as happy meal at some outle ts. 8 McDonalds franchises overseas became a favourite(a) target of mass and groups expressing antiglobalization sentiments. Entry into new and highly popular product categories. THREATS 1 Public attack about obesity issue. (deng, 2009) 2 Changing savvy of consumers. (deng, 2009) 3 Unable to keep patrons as special order sandwiches slayered by rivals Burger King and Wendys. 4 Promotional plans like McDonalds game found conspiracy with 51 people charged in a part of scam winning $24 million by stealing winning McDonalds tickets. 5 McDonalds showed a delayed effect than other restaurants operators in switching over to zero trans-fat cooking oil. In 2001 McDonalds was sued for hurting religious sentiments by vegetarian groups for not telltale(a) its flavors in French fries as it added beef extract to vegetable oil and showing it as veg in menu. 7 Consumers began filing law suits that eating at McDonalds had made them over weight. 8 Competition from burger kings and Wendys. (Thomad sen, 2007) MARKET SEGMENTATION TARGET MARKET BABY BOOMERS GENERATION X GENERATION Y GENERATION Z DEMOGRAPHICS 45-65+ 35-44 19-34 0-18GEOGRAPHICS URBAN URBAN URBAN URBAN PSYCOGRAPHICS More pertain with downcast cholesterol food More concerned with first base fat food More concerned with physical fitness food products Generally eats taste oriented food products BEHAVIOURAL Mostly concerned with technical quality of food products Requires access with quick and fresh food service Generally catch-up food by themselves by reaching out bind out with friends and family ISSUE ANALYSIS In 2004,Morgan Spurlocks documentary film Super-Size Me gave very criticism to McDonalds fast nutrition, in which he shows how he gains fat and destroy his health by eating McDonalds. 2 In 1998 McDonalds started Made for you System but it was not successful. There was a diminish in growth of sales in stores. 3 In 1999 before the implementation of made for you scheme ,McDonalds planned to appropriate abou t xcl million in financial assistance to its franchisees ,but the actual cost of implementing the system ran much higher than the corporation had estimated. In 2001, 51 people were charged conspiring to typeset McDonalds game promotions over the course of several years, revealing that $24 million of winning McDonalds game tickets had been stolen as a part of scam. 5 In 2004, McDonalds was sued for extracting a small amount beef added in to the vegetable oil used for cooking French fries. 6 Many people still complain that the food served by McDonalds is not hot to eat. RECOMMENDATIONS PRODUCT - 1 McDonalds should volunteer hot food to eat because many customers complaint that their food is not so hot to eat otherwise it provide affect sales. McDonalds should bring some new healthier products for all ages because bad effect on health is one of the weaknesses of McDonalds and bringing some healthier food volition help to overcome this image. 3 McDonalds should provide some free sna cks because it will help it compete with its competitors and ontogeny sales. 4 McDonalds should make their products in fat free oil because it will have proper effect on health. 5 McDonalds should also provide some regional food because in this way some rural people will also start accepting its products. Launching of new fried and bone in treats in Chicago. PRICE- 1 The price of products should be affordable because if they will not be affordable to small income group then its sale will be affected and it will also admit the opportunity to competitors to change magnitude their sales. 2 The prices of products should be regularly checked so as to compete with competition because people will buy those products which they can get in low price. PLACE- 1 McDonalds should open new franchises in small cities also . It will help them to expand its business and add-on growth. McDonalds should increase the number of its franchises in all countries in order to expand its business. PROMOTIO N- 1 McDonalds should provide some discount on more products purchased because in this way people will buy more. Because some people will start purchasing more items if they can get discount. 2 McDonalds should provide home pitching service because sometimes some people cant go to store in order to purchase them. It will increase sales. 3 McDonalds should provide online sale because in this way people can place their orders online. McDonalds is working on new salads and wraps . (wong, 2013) 5 McDonald, s will test the new fried and bone in treats in Chicago. (wong, 2013) 6 Success of mighty wings in Atlanta. (wong, 2013) BEST RECOMMENDATIONS PRODUCT- McDonalds should provide some healthier food for all ages because health obesity is the major problem with McDonalds . In this way they can get good image regarding health. PRICE- Prices of products should be regularly checked in order to compete with competition because people will cheapest product. PLACE-McDonalds should open new sma ll franchises at small cities also because it will help him to expand its business and increase growth rates. PROMOTION- McDonalds should provide home delivery service because sometimes people cant go to store in order to purchase product. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography Birchall, J. (2008). McDonalds claims fast food sales fighting off slowdown. Financial times. deng, t. (2009, may). McDonalds new strategy on changing attitudes and communication. International journal of marketing studies, 37-42. Jennifer, R. (2004). online branding the case of McDonalds. ritish food journal. ltd. , n. m. (2006). ICCR sponsered proxy resolutions on genetically modify organisms gain recognition among shareholders at wendys McDonalds . financial wire. macy, a. (2012). financing a remodela case of McDonalds Franchisee. journal of case research in business and economics. Mcnamara, B. (2013). McDonalds give the people what they want. Nutrition business journal. Thomadsen, r. (2007). product positiong and com petionthe role of location in the fast food industry. Marketing science. wong, V. (2013). will McDonalds mighty wings fly? bloodline weak.

Holden Caulfield Is an Island Essay

John Donnes quote, No man is an island connects quite directly to Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye. Holdens character is actually relative to themes such as isolation, loneliness and non-conformity. Holden has a very distinct character he has many features, which would suck him as quite a lonely, cynical young man. It is evident that a past of his has had such an effect on him that the adolescence he has become quite a bumpy journey for him the death of his brother Allie, and the suicide of one of his schoolmates included. How is Holden Caulfield an island?Well, the quote itself No man is an island can be interpreted that no man will elaborate in isolation, such as an island. Holden has isolated himself from the conforming ways of society. This explains why he breaks it so hard to be close to people, and why people find it so hard to get close to him because he is so different. Holdens character can be described as one that is flying take the rails. Some events thro ughout the novel regarding alcohol and drugs, relationships and Holdens whereabouts show that he is simply trying to be something he isnt.Holden Caulfield is an island, throughout the novel, a word to describe him best would be alone. Those who attempt to help him, guide him and be there for him, such as Spencer and Mr. Antolini, generally fail as Holden makes a quick hedge from their guiding hands. In some ways, Holden can be seen as a hero. It is much harder to go against the grain alone, than to follow along in the footsteps of others. Holden can be understood as a leader, rather than a follower. Although his purpose is not quite evident, his journey is still worth so much.Holdens personality includes features, which pay back him as a very judgmental person. He often uses the term phoney to describe people who arent true to themselves and who according to him, squeezing into a certain cut out. Holden is very set in his ways, and will generally not take on the opinion of anyone else, and will stick to his own very closely. An example of Holden preferring to be alone is when he informs his sister that he will be leaving home. He organizes a meeting with her before he leaves. She arrives with her dimension and asks to go with him.It is not that Holden loses his temper, and refuses to take her along. After Holden leaves Pencey Prep at the beginning of the novel, he makes the decision to find his way around Manhattan alone, with out telling his parents for a few days before he is due back home. To most sixteen year old teenagers, to make this decision would be a gravid move, but to Holden, a stunt like this doesnt concern him. This just shows how far he goes to prove himself to be an individual, who can take care of himself, Holden feels he doesnt need anyone but himself, as he is left alone by the end of the story.Throughout the novel, is it clear that the story is about Holdens journey, and Holden Caulfield creation an island. The events and occurrences that happen to Holden along the way prove this statement to be true. Holden has a very strong character, that of which he remains tough he does his own thing, in his own way without the need for approval from anyone. Holden Caulfield has isolated himself from the conforming ways of society. Therefore, Holden Caulfield is an Island.

Excel based problems Essay

The line-basis financial statements of Jefferson county have completed for the year 2012 and appear in the first tab of the excel spreadsheet provided with this exercise. The following information is also availablea. Capital Assets Capital assets purchased in previous years in governmental type funds totaled $752,000 (net of accumulated depreciation) as of January 1, 2012. Depreciation on capital assets used in governmental- type activities amounted to $79,500 for 2012 No capital assets were sold or disposed of in 2012 and all purchases be the right way reflected in the fund-basis statements as capital expenditures.b. Long-term Debt There was no outstanding long-term debt associated with governmental- type funds as of January 1, 2012. April 1, 2012, 6 percent bonds with a calculate value of $ 700,000 were issued in the amount of $ 720, 000. Bond payments are made on October 1 and April 1 of each year. Interest is based on an annual outrank of 6 percent and whiz payments are $ 1 7, 500 each. The first payment (Interest and principal) was made in October 1. Amortization of the bond premium for the current year is $1,000.c. Deferred Revenues Deferred revenues (comprised only of property taxes) are expected to be collected more than 60 days after year-ed. The balance of deferred taxes at the end of 2011 was $18,200d. Transfers Transfers were between governmental-type funds.e. Internal armed service Fund The (motor pool) internal service funds revenue is predominantly derived from departments classified as governmental-type activities There were no amounts due to the internal service fund from the General fund. The outstanding balance of due to other funds was with the Enterprise Fund and is not capital related. The enterprise fund provided a long-term ascent to the internal service fund (not capital related). RequiredUse the excel template provided to complete the following requirement aseparate tab is provided in Excel for each of these steps. 1. Prepare t he journal entries necessary to convert the governmental fund financial statements to the accrual basis of accounting2. Post the journal entries to the passage worksheet provided3. Prepare a governmental-wide Statement of Activities and statement of Net Assets for the year 2012. All of the governmental fund revenues are general revenues. This is an involved problem, requiring many steps. Here are some hints.a. Tab 1 is information to be used in the problem. you do not enter anything hereb. After you make the journal entries (Tab2), bet these to the worksheet to convert to the accrual basis. This worksheet is set up so that you enter Debit as positive numbers and credits as negative. After enter you emplacement your entries, look at the numbers below the total credit Colum to see that debits equal credits. If not, you probably entered a credit as a positive number.c. nurse sure that total debits equal total credits in the last column (balances for Government-wide statements )d. W hen calculating Restricted Net Assets, recall that permanent fund principal is added to restricted fund balances.

Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism

The three of the most common religions in Asia are Buddhism, Shintoism, and Confucianism. In many ways, these religions share a number of common traits although they do possess a certain number of distinct differences as well. As such, a clear examination of the similarities and differences will be provided herein. Buddhism originated in India where it later traveled to China and to Japan. The Chinese version of Zen Buddhism is probably the most prevalently practiced form of the religion in the humanity.Mainly, this is because this form of Buddhism is broadly speaking have-to doe with with philosophical and practical approaches to Buddhist theory and study, Mainly, Buddhism is concerned no with an afterlife or a heaven as much as it is concerned with achieving enlightenment on earth. A simple definition of enlightenment would be a free and clear mind that does not prescribe to any attachments or suffering. This is clearly not an easy state of mind to impress. However, by followin g Buddhisms 8 Fold Path and 4 Noble Truths throughout virtuosos life, it may be possible to attain enlightenment.Both the 8 Fold Path and the 4 Noble Truths are designed as a mean of approaching life is a safe and sane manner that leads to eventual enlightenment. As the name would imply, Confucianism derives from the life, philosophy, and teaching of Confucius. Although Confucius and Confucianism originated in China, the religion has universal appeal. That is why it counterpane throughout East Asia and, to a certain, degree, into the western world. The basic premise of Confucianism seems more akin to traditional logic than any type of spiritual religion.(This is where it possesses many rapscallion 2 similarities to Buddhism) The central tenants of Confucianism stress the importance of educating the populace in order to create a moral order. From this moral order, a government will step up that prescribes to logical, moral tenants. As a result, the government will seek to serve its people as opposed to ruling over them with an iron fist. This connects to the notion that a moral order breeds compassion. This ties into Confucius belief that relationships and ritual behavior were critical to maintaining societal order.Shintoism is quite removed from Confucianism and Buddhism in a number of ways. Shintoism is far more localize to Japan that the former(a) two religions. Additionally, it is a religion that places great emphasis on the worship of spirits. This is far removed from the more secular approach of the other two religions. Shintoism seeks to create a harmony between humans and the natural world. So, in a way, it combines secular logic with the natural world and the corporal world of the spirits.Ultimately, the goal of Shinto is to follow the path of the Four Affirmations. These Four Affirmations involve combining adherence to tradition and family the natural world physical cleanliness and the spirit. Through this, an progress similar to Buddhist enlig htenment might be acquired. Again, there are similarities and differences between all three religions. The main similarity would be the desire to attain a more perfect and moral life. That is a common thread that is quite valuable.

Araby vs. a & P

Celeste Stroup Interpretative Exercise 10/1/12 Araby vs. A&P Araby, written by James Joyce, and A&P, written by backside Updike are two short stories that are a masses alike yet still all told variant. Araby and A&P are twain ab discover young boys who are learning about fill in as they transition into adulthood. They some(prenominal) fall head over heels in chicane with girls they have never met before. Both boys go to extremes measures to win over the love of the girls and be their heros. However, throughout both stories a couple of things were dissimilar.Such as, the passage of time in which the stories were written. Also, they had distinguishable circumstances that lead to the characters epiphany. And lastly, the use of dialogue was different in each short story. In A&P the time of passage is very central to developing the character of Sammy. The story of A&P was very time oriented. The whole story took point in a matter of a mere half an hour or so. This shows that S ammys note for this girl developed quickly and he appeared to have no control over his thought or actions. In Araby, the time orientation is much different.Unlike A&P, in Araby you dont have a certain time frame. For example, on page 328 of The Literary Experience, Joyce writes One evening I went into the back draft copy room in which the priest had died. The words one evening are not very specific. Was it a day, a week, a month or even a year later This could symbolize how the boys love for Mangans sister developed more and more over time rather than in a couple of minutes like Updikes Sammy. In both stories, each boy comes to an epiphany at the end. However, different circumstances lead to them.In A&P, the mere presences of the three girls in the grocery store for such a short amount of time pushes Sammy. The Queen Bee catches his attention and immediately captures his mind and heart. The presence and actions of her cause Sammy to diverge his job and go chasing after this girl . When he sees that they left without turning back Sammy realizes that his life is going to be a lot harder from then on out and he is going to have to work at life, and girls, a lot harder. He cant just drop everything and go chasing after them. wish in A&P, the boy in Araby is also extremely fixated on a girl who is out of his league.However, unlike Sammy, the boy is more patient with his actions and less hasty. He carefully plans out his moves so that he can be in her presence more. Over an unknown period of time he watches Mangans sister and gets to know her from afar. It isnt until he goes to the bizarre to buy her a gift, does he realize how ill-advised he is being. How he has no chance with her and he is just fantasizing over something that he cant have. While standing in the middle of the bizarre the boy comes to the realization that he has a lot of growing up to do. Lastly, dialogue plays a key role in how a character is seen.For example, in A&P, Sammy speaking in a natur e of a typical teenage boy his age. He uses slang words help the reader recognize that his maturity level is average this helps us read how his brain works and why he does what he does. But, the dialogue in Araby tells a whole different story. The young boys thoughts and actions are very advanced for his young age of 12 or 13. He is very good with his interpersonal skills that help him think through different scenarios. In both stories dialogue is a key part in understanding the characters actions.A conclusion that could be drawn from analyzing the parallels among the two stories is how on the surface the two stories appear to be the same to love struck boys desire out love as they come of age. However, as you did deeper, you soon realize how different they really are. They both have different underlying messages that wouldnt be uncovered without analyzing the different literary elements. That is why close-reading is so important when trying to understand important themes or conc epts. A lot of times they are privy within the text and you have to dig deep to find them.

Analysis of 2 commercial brands Essay

Topic Analysis of 2 commercialised-grade brands of bleaching termination & a determination of the best buy Introduction atomic number 11 chlorate(I) forms the basis of most commercial bleaches. The amount present in bleaching consequence stool be determined by a rafttric technique. In this experiment, atomic number 11 chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the presence of acid to liberate. The iodine is titrated against standard atomic number 11 thiosulphate resultant role.Chemicals Bleach firmness , 0.1 M Na2S2O3 ,1 M H2SO4 , KI , Starch powerProcedures 1. Determine the total volume of bleach in the commercial bottles provided. Note the brand name, volume & outlay of each sample.2. Pipette 25 cm3 bleach solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Make up to the mark & mix well.3. Pipette 25 cm3 of this solution into a conical flask. Add 10 cm3 KI solution & 10 cm3 1 M sulphuric acid.4. Titrate this mixture against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution provided. Add stiffen indicator when the solution become pale yellow.5. Record your results and calculate the bulwarkarity of the orginal bleach solution.6. Determine which bleach has the lowest price per mole of actual bleach. offsprings stigmatise A = ___________KAO_____________ Brand B = _________Best Buy____________Volume = ___________1.5L______________ Volume = ____________2L_______________ determine = _______$12.9 / Bottle____________ impairment = ________$10.9 / Bottle____________ jetty = _________0.753 Mol_____________ Mole = ___________1.152 Mol ___________$/mole = _______$17.13 / Mol ___________ $/mole = __________$9.46 / Mol__________Best buy is ________ Best Buy___________Titproportionn of Brand A against the standard sodium thiosulphate solutionTitration1234Final burette Reading (ml)31.7035.7027.8032.20Initial burette Reading (ml)2.909.804.408.30Volume of titrant (ml)28.8025.9025.4023.50Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(25.90+25.40+23.50)3 = 25.1 ml__CalculationThe R esult Of Brand ASodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. one solution produced.Following par 2H+-(aq) + OCl(aq) + 2I(aq) Cl(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l)Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solutionFollowing equating I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq)The Molarity of Na2S2O3 = 0.1MNumber of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2 = Molarity X Volume= 0.1 X (25.11000) = 0.00251 molThe Mole ratio of Na2S2O3 I2= 21Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3-= (12) X 0.00251 mol= 0.001255 molThe Mole ratio of NaOCl I2= 11Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration= I2= 0.001255 molNumber of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask= 0.001255 mol X 10= 0.01255 molNumber of moles in 1.5L bleach solution= 0.01255 mol 25 X 1500= 0.753 molPrice of OCl- per mole in brand A= $12.9 0.753mol= $17.13 / molResults Titration of Brand B against the standard sodium thiosulphate solutionTitration1234Final B urette Reading (ml)30.9032.831.9035.20Initial Burette Reading (ml)2.103.903.306.90Volume of titrant (ml)28.828.9028.6028.90Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(28.90+28.60+28.90)3 = 28.8 ml__CalculationThe Result Of Brand BSodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced.Following ionic equation 2H+-(aq) + OCl(aq) + 2I(aq) Cl(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l)Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solutionFollowing ionic equation I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq)The Molarity of Na2S2O3 = 0.1MNumber of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2 = Molarity X Volume= 0.1 X (28.81000)= 0.00288 molThe Mole ratio of Na2S2O3 I2= 21Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3-= (12) X 0.00288 mol= 0.00144 molThe Mole ratio of NaOCl I2= 11Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration= I2= 0.00144 molNumber of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask= 0.00144 mol X 10= 0.0144 molNumber of moles in 2 L bleach solution= 0.0144 mol 25 X 2000= 1.152 molPrice of OCl- per mole in brand B= $10.9 1.152 mol= $9.46 / molQuestions 1. Why must the KI be present in excess ? If less than the specified quantity of KI is attention deficit disordered, what effect will this rescue on the results ?The bleach solution contain sodium chlorate(I),which have ions OCl-.We can prepare the iodine solution by adding the sodium chlorate(I) to potassium iodide in a acid medium. At first, the sodium chlorate(I) Is the limiting agent. When we add the excess potassium iodide into the bleach solution. Not only it will not effect the result, but similarly the calculation can be more accurate. All the ions OCl- can be completely reacted.In addition, Iodine solution is only slightly soluble in water but it is very soluble in the solution, which contain I- ions.2. What is the function of the sulphuric acid ?The function of sulphuric acid is provide a acidic medium containing excess iodide to ionizes the iodi ne solution to triiodide ions. We must know that the Brown colour of iodine solution is cause for the triiodide ions(I3-).This colour in observation of titration is very important.3. Bleaching solutions may deteriorate for 2 reasons (a) react with carbon dioxide in the air according to the equation 2 OCl- + CO2 CO32-+ H2 + Cl2(b) what is the other reason ?It must be effected by light. It is because the The hypochlorite ions OCl-( will be decompose quickly under light Following equation2NaOCl 2NaCl + O2, .While losing some OCl- ions, the result in calculation will not be accurate4. What should the starch indicator not be added too early ?The starch solution turns the iodine to blue black because of the institution of starch-iodine complex. Also, the complex is not reversible when the concentration of iodine is high. If we add the starch solution early, the attraction of starch molecules and iodine molecules will attract so strongly. Although we have add standard sodium thiosulpha te solution, but we can not do completely finish the real result of titration and effecting the calculation. The above-mentioned tell us that the starch solution should be added when only a few of iodine solution left, near the end appoint of the titration.ConclusionThe bleach solution of brand B is the best buy.

Computer Networks And Internet Protocol Television Essay

The advent of in formattingion processing outline has changed the means the globe moves. Distance f work onor is no daylong a problem. The strong-arm might appear a big place with things at far glowering places only when the foundation in practical(prenominal) form doesnt believe in distance. E trulything stick out be achieved within minutes if non seconds. The whole technology behind this mega change is found on reckoner and is termed as Information technology. This technology has led to the creation of a cyber humankind or electronically generated world with the inspection and repair of computers connected to each other with suitable wires.Now words resembling cybercafe, cyber chat, cyberspace, cyber shopping, etcetera absorb started making rounds. People contribute s curiosity electronic mails to far off places within seconds. exposit and information argon getting transferred within few seconds. People in Shanghai and New York are fairish seconds away. Tra nsferring data in electronic form is actually the fastest way to transfer things. Its not only the message transfer that has been revolutionized but also the personal credit line world. There are virtual shopping malls with tissuesite offering you a range of products ranging from computer peripherals to groceries.Companies are now providing details of their product through their website and are accepting customers requests of information and now even orders for products are being accepted. Everything is available. Money transfer hatful easily be done through wire transfer techniques. People do not wait. This world is not ruled by armed soldiers or any nuclear weapon. Its the information which rules. The physical world salutary has to react on the outcome. Its role is just for receiving and sending.This high performing virtual world has made significant change in the performance of the actual world (Tanenbaum, 2003). Things in real world are now easier to comprehend. Outsourcing has helped in accessing low cost labor in far off Asian nations like India and China. Multinational companies like Microsoft, IBM, GM. , GE etc. have offices in almost in each part of the world with performance of each of these units can be monitored from any of its offices. Their offices have been lucreed though LANs i. e. , local anesthetic Area Network and mads i.e. , Wide Area Network. They have virtually made themselves available to their customers any conviction anywhere and just a click away (Tanenbaum, 2003). 2. Computer System & Network of computers A computer system and lucre of computers are actually two disparate but inter cogitate things. A computer system is just a normal computer including peripherals and software necessary for the functioning of the device (Webopedia). only if we talk of Computer Network, it can be defined in a very simple way as a network of computers (Princeton).But giving full importance to all factors getting into act when we talk about n etwork, the definition which actually forms complete sense is none other than the two or more computers connected together to share hardware, software and data and has been implemented according to some regional anatomy (Tanenbaum, 2003). The network can have all peripherals located within an office or building. This arrangement is a lot termed as Local Area Network or LAN (Tech, 2006). If the same is achieved in a ample area i. e., computers connected to the network are located at places as diverse as countries in different continents, we can call the same as Wide Area Network or WAN (Cisco, 2006). Calling all computers and other intelligent parts of it as nodes, the term network topology can be defined as patterns of links connecting a pair of nodes of a network. 3. Internet Protocol & IPTV Technology related video dish ups which include uplink and transmission has seen some of very revolutionary inventions of modern science.The television delivery system has now moved from terrestrial transmission through analog signals to encrypted digital signals through internet as well as IPTV (Anderson, 2006). The entertainment world through television is now very much eager to move from TV being delivered through cablegram to Internet Protocol video with pith being viewed through technologies used for computer net whole kit (Lu, 2006). The last decade of the 20th century witnessed the gigantic growth in Internet Protocol based services.Now with the fast development of hardware and software technologies, this internet world has now developed to accommodate services like VoIP and many other telecommunicationmunication products (Wikipedia, 2007). It is a system which delivers digital television services to registered subscribers in a managed network with address based technology. The unique IP address of a subscriber provides him a virtual address over a network and creates a connection between the service provider and the television (Wikipedia, 2007). 4. Tel evision through IPTV a new experience IPTV is going to give the most electrifying experience to its subscribers.Its not just seamless TV viewing but also more interactive and personalized. Things like participation in a game show or any discussion board will only take aim the use of the remote while sitting on the couch. Now the user will not smack being bombarded with a long list of take rather get a very imaginative option to receive them with a much richer experience (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). The two-way signal broadcasting system through the network over which IPTV depends, allows the viewers to make selection that too on demand with metre shift option.The additional services which can also be incorporated with IPTV are the Web look for i. e. surfing the internet, gaming with a game console with the current system and finally the communication applications which can enable email, MMS, Chat, etc (Telecom Italia, 2006). sort 1 (IPTV delivery Infrastruct ure) The Set-Top Box which has made this IPTV happen which at one end is connected to the TV set while the other end to an ADSL connection can easily be made to supply Broadcast TV services (BTV) as well as Video On Demand (VOD) services.This BTV facilitates the simultaneous reception by the users of a traditional TV channel. And using multicasting protocols IPTV can make available services which are similar to experiences of a traditional TV like Free-to-air or remunerate TV or a Pay-Per-view service (Luarel Networks). The same IPTV can be used by service providers to provide the VOD service which is made available on request. The VOD service directs implementation through IP unicast protocols (Ericsson, 2006). The intensify IPTV can also make Personal Video Recorder (PVR) services available.The local PVR makes way for video-recording on the STB hard-disk with another set of functions for live, pause and replay. Similarly the Network-based PVR stores the data on the operators se rver which is more often than not used for VOD (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). On technological point, the IPTV makes way for better utilization of available nucleotide like the bandwidth. Traditional transmission technology actually sends more than hundred channels simultaneously while the IPTV requires just one channel to be sent to the subscriber at a time.Every time the user selects a channel or a program, a new streaming takes place with data related to the newly selected channel (Anderson, 2006). 5. IPTV More Advantages, More services & More Business The IPTV will lead to a very new level of interactivity among Internet and data mainly as voice and video. A cable based TV network beams data in form of video mostly in MPEG format through an explicit bandwidth portion while the internet which enables high speed data transfer works on an IP based network and the data transfer is based on parcel of lands rather than streams. some(prenominal) the technologies are t echnically very different. This IPTV is an amalgam of both the successful technologies. Being a data-centric application, the packets over this network can deliver both video as well as data (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). Figure 2 Telecommunications IPTV system solution The traditional cable network is often overloaded with more than degree centigrade channels being transmitted simultaneously. So there is a limitation of maximum number of channels that can be made available to the subscriber.IPTV has a very clear advantage (Times News Network, 2006). theoretically this technology can make almost infinite number of channels at the customers disposal. The transmission line actually transmitted a single channel which has been demanded by the customer. So the infrastructure usage per customer is negligible while opening a new era of almost all(prenominal) channel on the planet being made available to the user. The IP technology being a packet based product requires an a cknowledgement to be sent to the source for every packet.This ensures that every packet sent by the source should remain intact and any loss of data will require resending of the same packet. This feature ensures very high quality of the product which the subscriber will receive (Anderson, 2006). The advantages associated to IPTV is not just conventional entertainment and advertisement based melodic line but the technology can have its usage in developing new products which can make way to many other forms of businesses. The web based training is one of the many other possibilities.The IPTV network can be used to give different courses by making the videos of the classes available to the registered students (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). IPTV is the next big thing after telecom and internet. The business possibilities associated with this technology is almost as broad as the human thought. Almost all telecom companies are putting big money in exploration and marketi ng of this product (Blau, 2005). The business network and the corporate LANs may be greatest beneficiary with the delivery of videos and television content.The customized content delivery and the extremely secure network will reduce the theft cases to negligible. Customization facility will help the advertisers to understand the behavior of consumers and then will go for personalized ads that will translate into significant business returns (Iyer, 2005). 6. Conclusion The IPTV is going to be the next big thing in communication and media industry. With money move inform all big telecom companies IPTV is going to be a very serious business with entertainment becoming more and more customizable.The subscriber will experience a very different medium of entertainment with highest level of interactivity and almost innumerable possible services that too very much on his own wishes. 7.Bibliography Anderson, N. (2006) An introduction to IPTV. Available from http//arstechnica. com/guides/oth er/iptv. ars Accessed 10 October 2007 Blau, J. (2005) Internet TV Still Fuzzy, but Promising. IDG News ServiceAvailable from http//www. pcworld. com/news/article/0,aid,122138,00. asp Accessed 10 October 2007 Cisco Systems, 2006. Wide Area Network. http//www. cisco. com/univercd/cc/td/ atomic number 101/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan. htm Accessed 10 October 2007

Hall Cases Essay

INTERNAL CONTROL CASES1. beginning Smiths Marketa), b) See diagrams on the following pages.c) inwrought Control Weaknesses1) Access to the cash drawers by sales works requires more accountability. each drawer is regained by various clerks throughout the day and cash may be withdrawn by any of them.2) The internal cash register tape should be used as a pull strings to determine how much cash (including checks, and address card vouchers) should be in the register drawer.3) The shift supervisory program does not sign for the specific amount of cash received or returned at the end of the day. He simply logs the drawers in and out.4) The treasury clerk is unsupervised in the counting of cash.5) The treasury clerk has asset custody and responsibility for recording sales and cash in the daybook and familiar Ledger. d)2. consequence to change is Righta), b), See diagrams on the following pages.c) Internal Control Weaknesses1) No credit check2) stock list control function is perfor med by w atomic number 18house clerk.3) Accounting de sectionalizationment bills customer, updates the AR account, and recordssales in the sales Journal thus reducing the opportunity to detect discrepancies between total sales and AR postings.4) client is billed before order is actually shipped5) Remittance List should be busheld in the mail populate6) No journal voucher prep atomic number 18d by cash expediency clerk.7) Cash receipts clerk does not prepare a deposit slip.d) IT Controls for Basic Technology Systeme) Flowchart of revised system savant responses forget vary for this mathematical function of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. Upgrade stand-alone computers to a networked environsThe internal control problems already covered that need to be reverse in the new system.3. Solution to ABE Plumbinga), b) See diagrams on the following pages.c) Internal Control Weaknesses1) No Credit check is performed.2) The sales clerk closes the open sales order causing the sale to be recorded before the goods are actually shipped. 3) The storage warehouse clerk has asset custody and should not also update the inventory records. 4)The transportation clerk does not reconcile the stock release with the original order. This allows for the wrong items and or quantities to be shipped. 5) node is billed before the goods are shipped. Billing should be triggered by shipping notice. Instead, the customer invoice is printed fromthe close sales order, which was prepared before the goods were shipped.d) Flowchart of revised system learner responses will vary for this part of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. The internal control problems already covered that need to be corrected in the new system. A system configuration similar to figure 4-18 would be appropriate.4. Solution to pram Booksa), b), See diagrams on the following pages.c) Internal Control WeaknessesSales Processing1) The credit check is pe rformed by the sales representative2) The sales department should not be maintain the sales journal3) The warehouse should not be updating inventory subsidiary book of accountCash Receipts4) Mail room workers have access to twain check and remittance advices. This situation require a reduced interbreed of control and separate mail room procedures for customer payments vs routine mail.5) The accounts receivable clerk has access to both the checks and the customer accountsd)IT Controls for Basic Technology Systeme) Revised System Walker Books SystemStudent responses will vary for this part of the assignment but shouldaddress the internal control issues already covered. 5. Solution to AV Safety, Inc. a), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages.c) Internal Control Weaknesses1) No credit check is performed2) Sales journal is updated before the goods are shipped3) Warehouse clerk has access to inventory and also update the inventory ledger 4) Mailroom clerk has access to both the re mittance advice and the checks, no remittance list id prepared. 5) AR clerk has access to both the checks and the remittance advicesd) IT Controls for a Basic Technology Systeme) Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment, but should address the internal control issues identified above.6.Solution to Premier Sports Memorabiliaa), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages.c) Internal Control Weaknesses1) Transaction is recorded in Sales Journal before goods are shipped. 2) Warehouse and transportation system functions are combined. This removes control over picking and shipping the wrong products. 3) Mail room clerk should prepare a remittance list to control remittance advices and checks 4) Although not stated in the case as aproblem, the auditor should evaluate network access controls (passwords, access privileges) to ensure a proper segregation of dutiesd) IT Controlse) Student solutions to this part of the case will vary. The solution should address the control issues identified in part C.7. Solution to Bait n Reela, b, and e, see pages that followc)Internal Control Weaknesses1) The sales clerk performs the credit check this is a segregation of duties and transaction authorization problem. 2) Warehouse should not update the inventory and General ledger control accounts. 3) AR Clerk should not update the general ledger.4) Billing and AR are combined. This structure will mask discrepancies between what was billed and what was recorded as a sale. 5) Supervision is take in the mailroom because employees who open the mail have access to both cash and the remittance advice. 5) The cash receipts clerk has access to the assets (cash) and is responsible for updating the general ledger. 6) See 3 above.d)It Controls